Cash Waqf Based on Shariah Fintech: Integration of Ibn Qudamah's Islamic Ownership Theory with Digital Financial Innovation Principles
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The proliferation of Islamic financial technology (fintech) has created new institutional pathways for cash waqf (wakaf uang) mobilisation, yet the doctrinal legitimacy of these digital mechanisms remains contested within classical Islamic jurisprudence. This study examines the theoretical compatibility between Ibn Qudamah's foundational ownership theory (al-milkiyyah) as articulated in Al-Mughni and the operational principles of Shariah-compliant digital financial innovation in the context of Indonesian cash waqf. Employing a qualitative doctrinal-analytical method, the study draws on primary Islamic jurisprudential texts, contemporary fatwa, and policy documents from Badan Wakaf Indonesia (BWI) and the Financial Services Authority (OJK). Findings reveal five structural compatibilities between Ibn Qudamah's property doctrine and fintech-based waqf design: the immutability of corpus transfer is preserved through blockchain's irrevocability; the validity of cash as mawquf (endowed object) is supported by MUI Fatwa No. 2/2002; corporate nazir certification satisfies the classical ahliyyah (competency) requirement; smart contract encoding enforces charitable specificity; and digital transparency exceeds classical accountability standards. One conditional tension concerns the transformation of the nazir role from individual trustee to corporate-digital intermediary, which requires robust regulatory governance to preserve fiduciary integrity. The study contributes a doctrinal compatibility frameworkthe Ibn Qudamah–Digital Finance Integration (IDFI) modelapplicable to the development of Shariah-compliant waqf fintech governance in Indonesia and comparable Muslim-majority jurisdictions.
Keywords: Cash Waqf; Fintech Syariah; Ibn Qudamah; Islamic Ownership Theory; Maqasid al-Shariah; Wakaf Uang
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